Comprehensive Guide to Cannabinoids: Overview and Key Effects

You’ve likely heard of CBD and THC, the two cannabinoids that dominate discussions about cannabis. These compounds are well-known for their ability to alleviate symptoms of various health conditions, such as stress, anxiety, pain, and inflammation. However, the cannabis plant contains a myriad of other cannabinoids, each with its own unique properties and potential benefits.

In this Happy Garden article, we’ll provide an in-depth overview of the different types of cannabinoids and help you understand the major differences between them.

What are Cannabinoids? – A Brief Overview

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found both in the cannabis plant and within our own bodies. Those produced by our bodies are known as endocannabinoids and are part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which helps regulate various biological functions such as mood, sleep, and appetite. Cannabinoids found in cannabis are known as phytocannabinoids, with THC and CBD being the most well-known.

How Does the ECS Work?

The ECS, or endocannabinoid system, is composed of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors. These receptors, which are found throughout the body, act like locks, and cannabinoids act like keys that unlock various biological responses. When cannabinoids bind to these receptors, they trigger changes in cell activity, influencing numerous bodily functions such as pain perception, mood regulation, appetite, and immune response. This intricate system helps maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable and balanced despite external changes.

A Complete List of 8 Major Cannabinoids

The cannabis plant produces several major cannabinoids, each with distinct effects:

1. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
   • Effects: Psychoactive effects (“high”), increased appetite, altered mood and perception.
   • Uses: Pain relief, appetite stimulation, reducing nausea.
   • Side Effects: Short-term memory impairment, red eyes, increased heart rate.
2. Cannabidiol (CBD)
   • Effects: Non-psychoactive, reduces anxiety and inflammation, promotes relaxation.
   • Uses: Anxiety relief, pain management, anti-inflammatory, seizure control.
   • Side Effects: Dry mouth, changes in appetite, fatigue (usually minimal).
3. Cannabigerol (CBG)
   • Effects: Non-psychoactive, potential neuroprotective properties.
   • Uses: Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, may aid in neuroprotection and skin health.
   • Side Effects: Minimal, similar to CBD.
4. Cannabinol (CBN)
   • Effects: Mildly psychoactive, often associated with sleep aid.
   • Uses: Sedative, aids in sleep, potential anti-inflammatory.
   • Side Effects: Mild sedation, minimal adverse effects.
5. Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA)
   • Effects: Non-psychoactive, may influence serotonin receptors.
   • Uses: Anti-inflammatory, anti-nausea, potential in treating anxiety.
   • Side Effects: Minimal, similar to CBD.
6. Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
   • Effects: Psychoactive at high doses, may suppress appetite.
   • Uses: Weight loss aid, potential in managing metabolic disorders.
   • Side Effects: Short-lasting euphoria, minimal adverse effects at low doses.
7. Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA)
   • Effects: Non-psychoactive, converts to THC when heated.
   • Uses: Anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, potential in managing nausea.
   • Side Effects: Minimal when not heated.
8. Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
   • Effects: Non-psychoactive, potential anticonvulsant.
   • Uses: Epilepsy treatment, potential in managing neurological disorders.
   • Side Effects: Minimal, similar to CBD.

Other Important Elements in Cannabis

In addition to cannabinoids, cannabis contains other compounds like terpenes and flavonoids, which contribute to its effects. Terpenes are aromatic compounds that give cannabis its distinct smell and can influence its overall experience. Flavonoids, on the other hand, have antioxidant properties and can play a role in the plant’s color and potential health benefits. Together, these compounds work synergistically to create the unique effects associated with different strains of cannabis.

Terpenes

Terpenes are aromatic compounds that give cannabis its distinct smell and flavor. They also play a role in the effects of different strains:

• Benefits: This practice can greatly enhance relaxation, allowing for a more peaceful state of mind. It can also improve focus and concentration, helping you stay on task and be more productive. Additionally, it provides anti-inflammatory effects, which can aid in reducing swelling and promoting overall physical well-being.

Flavonoids

Flavonoids are compounds that contribute to the color and beneficial properties of cannabis.

• Benefits: Contains powerful antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties which can reduce inflammation throughout the body, and may lower the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Advantages of CBD Over Other Cannabinoids

CBD is widely regarded for its therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC. Derived from the cannabis plant, it’s used to treat various conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy. CBD products come in many forms, including oils, capsules, edibles, and topical creams, making it versatile and accessible for different needs. It’s safe, non-addictive, and generally well-tolerated, with ongoing research continuing to uncover its full potential for health and wellness.

Final Thoughts

While all cannabinoids have unique properties and potential benefits, CBD stands out for its safety and versatility. Ongoing research continues to uncover the myriad benefits of cannabinoids, promising even more effective and targeted uses in the future.

For high-quality, safe, and effective CBD products, visit Happy Garden. We offer a range of CBD oils, tinctures, and other products designed to support your health and well-being.

If you have any questions about cannabinoids or our products, feel free to contact us. We’re here to help you make informed decisions about your health.